25,214 research outputs found
On Locality of Schmidt-Correlated States
We review some results on the equivalence of quantum states under local
unitary transformations (LUT). In particular, the classification of two-qubit
Schmidt correlated (SC) states under LUT is investigated. By presenting the
standard form of quantum states under LUT, the sufficient and necessary
conditions of whether two different SC states are local unitary equivalent are
provided. The correlations of SC states are also discussed.Comment: 14 page
Necessity for quantum coherence of nondegeneracy in energy flow
In this work, we show that the quantum coherence among non-degenerate energy
subspaces (CANES) is essential for the energy flow in any quantum system. CANES
satisfies almost all of the requirements as a coherence measure, except that
the coherence within degenerate subspaces is explicitly eliminated.We show that
the energy of a system becomes frozen if and only if the corresponding CANES
vanishes, which is true regardless of the form of interaction with the
environment. However, CANES can remain zero even if the entanglement changes
over time. Furthermore, we show how the power of energy flow is bounded by the
value of CANES. An explicit relation connecting the variation of energy and
CANES is also presented. These results allow us to bound the generation of
system-environment correlation through the local measurement of the system's
energy flow
The fiscal framework and urban infrastructure finance in China
China has experienced more than 25 years of extraordinary economic growth. Underlying this growth has been a decentralized fiscal system, in which provinces and large cities are given the freedom to make infrastructure investmentsto stimulate local development, and are allowed to retain a large part of the fiscal revenues that are generated from economic activity. Although successful as a growth strategy, this policy created two problems for national fiscal management. First, it significantly reduced the central government's share of fiscal revenues, which fell from 34.8 percent in 1980 to 22 percent in 1992. Second, it widened economic and fiscal disparities between the rapidly growing urban coastal region and the rest of the country. Rapid growth in subnational debt (which rose 23-fold in a decade) and subnational nonperforming loans (estimated by the authors to range between US150 billion) has placed pressure on China's financial system. Traditionally, China has favored bank lending as a source of finance because the banking system has provided a vehicle for central political control over local debt. But as China's financial system matures, creditworthiness standards must become more important. The authors recommend greater use of the revenue streams from infrastructure assets as a financing source, and gradual relaxation of central political control over subnational debt. One step in this direction would permit leading cities to issue municipal bonds based on objective financial standards.Banks&Banking Reform,Urban Economics,Public&Municipal Finance,Municipal Financial Management,Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Local Finance Management
Res2Net: A New Multi-scale Backbone Architecture
Representing features at multiple scales is of great importance for numerous
vision tasks. Recent advances in backbone convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
continually demonstrate stronger multi-scale representation ability, leading to
consistent performance gains on a wide range of applications. However, most
existing methods represent the multi-scale features in a layer-wise manner. In
this paper, we propose a novel building block for CNNs, namely Res2Net, by
constructing hierarchical residual-like connections within one single residual
block. The Res2Net represents multi-scale features at a granular level and
increases the range of receptive fields for each network layer. The proposed
Res2Net block can be plugged into the state-of-the-art backbone CNN models,
e.g., ResNet, ResNeXt, and DLA. We evaluate the Res2Net block on all these
models and demonstrate consistent performance gains over baseline models on
widely-used datasets, e.g., CIFAR-100 and ImageNet. Further ablation studies
and experimental results on representative computer vision tasks, i.e., object
detection, class activation mapping, and salient object detection, further
verify the superiority of the Res2Net over the state-of-the-art baseline
methods. The source code and trained models are available on
https://mmcheng.net/res2net/.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Search for sterile neutrinos in holographic dark energy cosmology: Reconciling Planck observation with the local measurement of the Hubble constant
We search for sterile neutrinos in the holographic dark energy cosmology by
using the latest observational data. To perform the analysis, we employ the
current cosmological observations, including the cosmic microwave background
temperature power spectrum data from the Planck mission, the baryon acoustic
oscillation measurements, the type Ia supernova data, the redshift space
distortion measurements, the shear data of weak lensing observation, the Planck
lensing measurement, and the latest direct measurement of as well. We
show that, compared to the CDM cosmology, the holographic dark energy
cosmology with sterile neutrinos can relieve the tension between the Planck
observation and the direct measurement of much better. Once we include
the measurement in the global fit, we find that the hint of the existence
of sterile neutrinos in the holographic dark energy cosmology can be given.
Under the constraint of the all-data combination, we obtain and , indicating
that the detection of in the holographic dark energy
cosmology is at the level and the massless or very light sterile
neutrino is favored by the current observations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; typos corrected, published in PR
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